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Gaj Formation
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Gaj Fm base reconstruction

Gaj Fm


Period: 
Neogene

Age Interval: 
Miocene


Province: 
Pakistan Indus Basin

Type Locality and Naming

Momani Gr – upper formation. Holotype section: Gaj River section. Author: W. T. Blanford, 1876. Reference section: None.


Lithology and Thickness

Sandy claystone to Limestone. At the type locality it is composed mainly of shale and sandstone with subordinate limestone. However, in foothills near Karachi, its lithology is dominated by limestone and calcareous sandstone.

Thickness: 65-700 m. At the type locality it is 650 m thick. The thickness varies from 500-700 m in KrP. In offshore, it is 67 m at Dabbo Creek-1 and 65 m at Patiani Creek-1.


Lithology Pattern: 
Sandy claystone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Conformably overlies Nari Fm (transitional).

Upper contact

Conformably overlain by Manchhar Fm (Manchar Fm) (slight angular discordance near Manchhar Lake).

Regional extent

The formation is largely confined to Kirthar Province (KrP) and its outcrops can be traced as far north as Sor Range in Sibi Trough.


GeoJSON

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Fossils

Rich in fossils. Crowded with large lepidocyclines; other forams include Operculina, Rotalia, Nummulites makullaensis, Myogypsina globulina, M. intermedia, M. cushmani, etc. At place great masses of limestone are seen to be made up of casts of Stephanoceonia maxima.


Age 

Miocene.

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Burdigalian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.0

    Beginning date (Ma): 
20.45

    Ending stage: 
Serravallian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
1.0

    Ending date (Ma):  
11.63

Depositional setting

The formation is mainly a marine assemblage in Sindh with fluvial and estuarine conditions prevailing mostly in the upper part. North of Mula River the formation is entirely fresh water.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Nusrat K. Siddiqui